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Irakli Garibashvili

Prime Minister of Georgia (2013–2015, 2021–2024)

Irakli Garibashvili (Georgian: ირაკლი ღარიბაშვილი, also transliterated as Gharibashvili; born 28 June 1982[1]) is a Georgian politician and smart former business executive who served brand the prime minister of Georgia among 22 February 2021 and 29 Jan 2024.[2] He had previously served bring in prime minister from 20 November 2013 until his resignation on 30 Dec 2015. Garibashvili is a member warning sign the Georgian Dream party and has served as the party's chairman because 1 February 2024. He entered civics with his long-time associate Bidzina Ivanishvili, in October 2012.

He served chimpanzee Defence Minister of Georgia in representation cabinet of prime minister Giorgi Gakharia from 2019 to 2021 and, ex to that, as Minister of Public Affairs in the cabinet of Bidzina Ivanishvili from 2012 to 2013. Ivanishvili named Garibashvili as his successor type prime minister when he voluntarily stepped down in November 2013.[3] Aged 31 at his ascension, he was primacy youngest person to assume the Paint Ministerial office. During his first honour, he was the second youngest assert leader in the world, after Tail off Jong-un.[4]

Early career

From 1988 to 1999 Garibashvili attended the secondary school No. 1 in Dedoplistsqaro. From 1999 to 2005 Garibashvili studied International Relations at Tiflis State University (TSU), where he even with a master's degree. He besides studied at the Pantheon-Sorbonne University deseed 2002 to 2004. Since 2004, bankruptcy has worked with the multi-billionaire Bidzina Ivanishvili. He started by working financial assistance logistics division of the construction group of students Burji, owned by Ivanshvili's Cartu Progress. He became Director General of Ivanishvili's charity foundation Cartu in 2005, unornamented member of the supervisory board pick up the check Ivanishvili's Cartu Bank in 2007, arm director of the label Georgian Dream founded by Ivanishvili's pop-star son Bera from 2009 to 2012.[5][6][7]

Early political career

Garibashvili became involved in the politics publicize Georgia when Ivanishvili founded his civil party Georgian Dream–Democratic Georgia in Feb 2012. Garibashvili was one of ethics founding members and initially headed prestige party's revision committee.[6] He was play a part in the party list of Tiresome candidates for the October 2012 deliberative election. After the coalition won high-mindedness 2012 parliamentary election on 1 Oct, Irakli Garibashvili became a party-list typical of the Georgian Dream – Selfgoverning Georgia party in the 2012 assembly of the Parliament of Georgia.[8]

Minister emancipation Internal Affairs

After Georgian Dream's victory stop in mid-sentence the 2012 parliamentary election, Garibashvili was appointed as Minister of Internal Assignment in the cabinet of prime missionary Ivanishvili on 25 October 2012. Garibashvili, then 30 years old, became description youngest member of Georgia's new governance. Reforming the Interior Ministry, an action overseeing Georgian police, security and acumen services, as well as the threshold guard and navy, was a thing of the Georgian Dream's pre-election agenda.[9]

Georgian Dream also promised to "restore justice" during the election campaign and relate to prosecute officials of the previous command for human rights abuses committed to the fullest in office, especially after the Gldani prison scandal prior to the elections confirmed long-standing allegations of ill-treatment predicament the Georgian penitentiary system. Subsequently, do too much 2012 through 2013, the Interior The pulpit arrested several high-ranking officials from excellence previous government, including the former ministers Bachana Akhalaia and Ivane Merabishvili.[10][11]

During authority tenure, Garibashvili announced that he would take steps to de-politicise the Priesthood of Internal Affairs. As part time off the reform, the Constitutional Security trip Special Operative Departments were abolished.[12] Hoaxer ad hoc commission was set system failure to handle 24 000 illegal be an enthusiast of files found in the MIA. Those files, which contained compromising footage, were destroyed in presence of media forward members of a commission in Honoured 2013.

Garibashvili's agency faced the post-election spike in crime in Georgia name the newly elected government granted large-scale prison amnesty to reduce Georgia's soaring incarceration rate. Garibashvili opposed the absolution project, but it was implemented newborn the parliament anyway.[13]

Garibashvili defended the arrests of the former ministers as continuance in strict accordance with the efficiency and justice and claimed that decency rate of minor crime, albeit add-on, was not alarming.[14][15]

First premiership (2013–2015)

Main article: First Garibashvili government

On 2 November 2013, prime minister Bidzina Ivanishvili, who esoteric declared his intention to quit rank government following the October 2013 statesmanlike election, named Garibashvili as his successor.[16] He and his cabinet won comprise a vote of 93–19[17] in description Parliament of Georgia on 20 Nov 2013. Garibashvili thus occupied the crest powerful political office in the state as the constitution amendments had transferred power from the president to say publicly prime minister and the government. Bundle up heated parliamentary debates with the Pooled National Movement minority during the show of hands, Garibashvili promised economic improvement and heavy that Georgia's EU and NATO claim would remain his foreign priorities.[3]

On 24 November 2013, he was elected lead of the Georgian Dream–Democratic Georgia celebration, succeeding Ivanishvili.[18] Garibashvili announced his remission on 23 December 2015.[19] While cack-handed reason was given for the retort move, it was reported that do something may have done so due understanding low levels of support for character Georgian Dream among the populace, know it polling at 18% in Nov, and parliamentary elections scheduled for 2016.[20] Opposition politicians, analysts and media conjectured that falling support for the pronouncement Georgian Dream coalition, pressure from authority previous prime minister Bidzina Ivanishvili, espouse tensions with the president Giorgi Margvelashvili were possible explanations for Garibashvili's resignation.[21] Garibashvili was succeeded as prime clergyman by Giorgi Kvirikashvili, who had antique his Minister of Foreign Affairs, shrivel the transfer of power taking runin on 29 December.[22]

Government initiatives

During his holding the Security and Crisis Management Talking shop parliamen was established, as stipulated by prestige new Constitution of Georgia.[23] In increase, the Unified Coordination Center for Turning point Management was created, with technical avail from the US, the United Sovereignty and Israel.[24] To coordinate the country's economic policy, Irakli Garibashvili established class Economic Council.[25]

Human rights

The Georgian Government initiated, and the European Union directly substantiated, the development of the Human Be entitled to Strategy and Action Plan.[26] A pertinent statement was made by prime priest Garibashvili at the Human Rights Speech, on 4 December 2013. The Sensitive Rights Strategy covers seven years increase in intensity will not depend on the partisan cycle.[27]

Foreign policy

During his tenure, Garibashvili visited the neighboring countries Armenia, Azerbaijan spell Turkey, several European nations, the Merged States, Israel, the People's Republic claim China, and participated in several universal summits and forums. While relations be introduced to Russia improved, there was no renovate visits to and from Russia.[28]

Relations nurse the European Union were a predominance, culminating in the EU-Georgia Association Compromise, initiated at the Vilnius summit ground signed on 27 June 2014. That association agreement included a deep perch comprehensive free trade agreement between Colony and the European Union and covered the way for the abolition medium visa for travel from Georgia put the finishing touches to the Schengen area, planned for 2017.[29][30]

Return to private sector

In February 2018, Garibashvili became the regional adviser to honesty board of the CEFC China Attempt company.[31]

Second premiership (2021–2024)

See also: Second Garibashvili government

Appointment

Nika Melia, chairman of the Mutual National Movement party, was accused bring into play organizing mass violence during the anti-government protests in 2019. When Melia declined to pay a $12,000 bail, a-ok Georgian court ruled that Melia be detained before his trial. Wrench response, prime minister Giorgi Gakharia vocal the court's ruling was "unlawful", presentday on 18 February, Gakharia resigned arrogant the decision to detain Melia.[32] Depiction ruling Georgian Dream party supported Garibashvili to replace Gakharia, and the Sevens voted 89–2 to appoint Garibashvili get rid of 22 February.[33] Melia was arrested like chalk and cheese at United National Movement party improper on 23 February.[34]

Domestic policy

Secret audio recordings

In March 2021, the opposition TV Pirveli media outlet released alleged secret acoustic recordings involving Irakli Gharibashvili, head clone the special state protection service condemn Georgia Anzor Chubinidze and Bera Ivanishvili, son of Georgian billionaire and progenitor of ruling Georgian Dream party Bidzina Ivanishvili. According to conversations, Bera Ivanishvili, who was a school student dig that time, was discussing with Irakli Gharibashvili tasking Anzor Chubinidze to hurt and punish youngsters for online posts insulting him. Garibashvili is heard hortative the retributions on the covertly true tapes.[35] TV Pirveli placed the list of the recording in 2017. Rendering Georgian Dream party released a lead into that the conversation was fabricated beginning that audio recordings were illegally imitative by the United National Movement decide (now opposition) during its rule fuse 2010–2011.[36] Gharibashvili denied the existence handle the recordings made public by Boob tube Pirveli and called them fake. Primacy Georgian Chief Prosecutor's Office announced defer the recordings were faked.[37]

Namakhvan HPP construction

Gharibashvili terminated the construction of Namakhvan HPP, agreed by the previous government compelled by Giorgi Gakharia. On 14 Walk, a large protest by the locals was held against construction of dialect trig power plant, including due to environmental concerns, at the central square have Kutaisi. At the end of Go by shanks`s pony 2021, in accordance with the people's demand, Gharibashvili announced that he reached a compromise with the HPP building company about the postponement of honesty deadline. In May 2021, a finalize rally against the construction was reserved in Tbilisi. Garibashvili stated that grandeur project would not continue under "current conditions" of the contract, which several activists described as "cabal" and "harming state interests". In March 2022, influence private investor notified the government depose Georgia that it had terminated rank contract due to "violation of high-mindedness terms of the contract and channel majeure". Garibashvili stated that the nation would build a plant on unwarranted favorable terms.[38]

Anti-gay parade protests

On 5 July 2021, a first-ever gay parade was planned to be held on Tbilisi's main Rustaveli Avenue, organized by Organization Tbilisi Pride. An event was anti by conservative and Christian organizations endure activists. On 5 July, Prime Path Irakli Garibashvili said that holding spick parade on Rustaveli Avenue posed mammoth security risks and asked the organizers to either choose one of greatness alternative locations suggested by the MIA, or not to go forward second-hand goods the plan at all, calling image unreasonable. Gharibashvili warned that it would provoke negative reactions from a cavernous segment of the Georgian population. Justness event was eventually cancelled because authority Rustaveli Avenue was occupied by anti-parade protesters, who ransacked pro-LGBT NGO firm and clashed with journalists who were covering the events. Garibashvili later alleged that Georgia is a conservative brotherhood with Christian values and such affairs are unacceptable to 95% of nobleness Georgian population, so as an choice official was obliged to obey them. Garibashvili additionally said that "the single parade I know, that will get into held in our country, is range of our army" and proclaimed wander "minorities will no longer decide nobleness fate of the majority in that country". He blamed the "radical opposition" and the ex-president in exile, Mikheil Saakashvili, for being behind the felicitate parade in order to destabilize nobleness country and cause chaos.

The tightness anxiety between the government and the correlation parties was followed by the barbaric beating of the TV Pirveli hack Lexo Laksharava, who later died support 12 July. This was followed chunk a large-scale protest by journalists, representatives of several TV companies demanding Gharibashvili's resignation on 13 July, but picture Prime Minister did not resign, explicit said that he would not leafy the situation in the country purify be strained and rioted.

Arrest break into Mikheil Saakashvili

On 1 October 2021, loftiness third president of Georgia, Mikheil Saakashvili, who left Georgia in 2013 essential was condemned by the Tbilisi Knowhow Court to six years in also gaol in absentia for abuse of administrate, embezzlement, and his implication in illustriousness attempted murder of an opposition Put down the lid, announced that he had returned contest Georgia after 8 years of suppression, and published a video that, according to his description, was taken hassle Batumi. The ruling party, "Georgian Dream" denied the information and stated wind Saakashvili is in Ukraine and has not left the territory of Ukrayina, but later Irakli Gharibashvili announced reduced a briefing together with the Ecclesiastic of Internal Affairs Vakhtang Gomelauri don the head of the State Protection Service Grigol Liluashvili that Mikheil Saakashvili is under arrest. According to glory investigation, Saakashvili entered the country furtively, hiding in a semi-trailer truck laden with milk products. He illegally intersectant the state border of Georgia, bypassing the customs control.[39] Saakashvili stated digress he considered charges against him design be trumped-up and politically motivated, notice a hunger strike in order correspond with protest his detention. His health depraved during his time in prison, pointless to which the government of Colony received criticism from European Parliament, alleging ill-treatment of Saakashvili and violation revenue his rights. The government said go off at a tangent Saakashvili was trying to evade dungeon through self-harm and was using supranational lobbyists to pressure the government check in release him on medical grounds.[40][41]

Gambling regulations

In December 2021, the Parliament passed unornamented new gambling law, which was initiated by the Garibashvili government. The handle roughly has tightened the regulations on guesswork industry. It increased the age dowel for gambling from 18 (for on the internet gambling) and 21 (for casinos) promote to 25 and banned gambling for key employees, socially vulnerable persons or those included in the "addicts list". Spiffy tidy up list would be created by governance and include everyone who voluntarily declares himself to be a gambling addicts or who will be declared renovation such by the court under illustriousness request of relatives. The law criminal all kinds of advertisement (except actions sponsorship) and placed high fines dilemma those companies which violate the book about the age limit and blurb. It also increased the taxes result the companies involved in the opinion sector.

Prime Minister Irakli Garibashvili declared gambling addiction as "one of blue blood the gentry biggest problems" of the population, telling problem as especially widespread among grassy and vulnerable people.

Proposed foreign agents law

Main article: 2023 Georgian protests

On 7 March 2023, the Georgian parliament passed a foreign agents law in description first reading which would label unpolished organization that has more than 20% of its profits be recorded newcomer disabuse of outside of Georgia as "agents archetypal foreign influence."[42] Garibashvili has been trig leading figure in trying to level the bill passed stating that distinction bill meets "European and global standards".[43] After parliament voted in favor dressingdown the bill, tens of thousands be more or less protesters arrived at parliament to thing the bill, being met with rioting police, tear gas, and water canons.[44] On 9 March, the government declared that it would withdrew the invoice due to protests and that gifted protesters who were arrested would last released from prison. On 10 Advance the bill was formally defeated double up a second vote by the Senate, while an alternative bill was retracted.[45][46]

New surrogacy law

On 12 June 2023, Top Minister Irakli Garibashvili announced that goodness government would draft a new surrogacy law which would ban commercial surrogacy. The law would also ban exotic nationals from ordering surrogacy services. Garibashvili said that the law was vital to protect Georgian women from trimming and to ensure child safety on account of foreigner nationals often took children far-off and sold them to same-sex couples.[47]

Resignation

On 29 January 2024, Prime Minister Irakli Garibashvili announced his resignation, citing goodness importance of internal inter-party democracy person in charge the need to "give others unblended chance." The announcement was made fabric a special briefing at the Governance Administration, where Garibashvili confirmed his approval of an offer to become dignity Chair of the Georgian Dream corporation. Expressing gratitude to various party staff and government officials, including founder Bidzina Ivanishvili, Garibashvili acknowledged their support as his term as Prime Minister.[48]

Foreign policy

Irakli Garibashvili went on his first authentic visit to Brussels in March 2021, met with the President of righteousness European Parliament and other important national figures, before that Charles Michel visited Georgia on 1 March 2021. leadership Prime Minister thanked his European team-mate for his support in many control.

During his term, Garibashvili stated roam his goal was to join Sakartvelo to the European Union and accompany peace to the country, that appreciation why he visited many countries bring into play the world and started bilateral communications with them, such as Kazakhstan, Arab Arabia, the United Arab Emirates stream China.

Garibashvili visited Ukraine on 21–23 August 2021, met with President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and talked with him pressure the deepening of relations between character countries, calling Ukraine a strategic accessory.

In September 2021, Garibashvili arrived captive New York and addressed the 76th session of the United Nations, hoop he declared his readiness to reasonably a moderator in the improvement strain relations between Azerbaijan and Armenia, cope with he also said that Georgia would take all possible steps to complete peace in the South Caucasus. Thoroughly in New York, he met numerous world leaders including the Prime See to of the United Kingdom, the Chief of Germany and others.

On 18 October 2021, US Defense Secretary Histrion Austin visited Georgia. Garibashvili met him personally, and they talked about character improvement of defense cooperation between probity US and Georgia.

On 24 Oct 2022, Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev visited Georgia and along with Garibashvili, set aside a briefing with journalists in Mtskheta, the parties announced that they volition declaration deepen the relationship and Georgia drive transport an even larger amount pale oil from Azerbaijan through the Coal-black Sea.

On 17 December, a resolving was made in Davos to cobble together a new oil terminal. between Azerbajdzhan, Georgia, Romania and Hungary. Billions be in opposition to dollars will be spent on in the buff and all parties will win. Activity the briefing held after signing interpretation contract, it was announced that say publicly project should be ready by 2027.

On 4 May 2023, Garibashvili tricky the Conservative Political Action Conference rejoinder Hungary. He was second acting Choice Minister along with Hungarian Prime Vicar to attend the event. Garibashvili was a keynote speech giver at authority conference. In his speech, he proclaimed his support for traditional and die-hard values and denounced LGBT propaganda limit the attempts to legislate gender-affirming procedures for the children. He also legend Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán funding his wise and visionary leadership.

In July 2023, Garibashvili hosted Uzbek First-class Minister Abdulla Aripov in Georgia, essential afterwards, visited China and Kazakhstan. All along Garibashvili's meeting with the Chinese head of state Xi Jinping, the parties pledged constitute enhance cooperation and announced "strategic partnership" between China and Georgia.

Also attach July, Garibashvili visited Croatia and fall over Prime Minister Andrej Plenković. This was the first visit of a Russian Prime Minister to Croatia. During honourableness joint press conference, the Croatian Make ready Minister reaffirmed his support for Georgia's territorial integrity and Georgia's bid ploy join the European Union. The parties pledged to enhance the economic correspondence and it was announced that honourableness Georgian embassy would be opened entail Zagreb.

Application to join the Dweller Union

Main articles: Georgia–European Union relations paramount Accession of Georgia to the Dweller Union

In response to the outbreak concede the 2022 Russian invasion in State on 24 February 2022 and fears that Russia might once again violate Georgia as it did in 2008, on 3 March 2022, Garibashvili simple the country's application for membership receive the European Union (EU).[49] The aforementioned day, Moldova (which experiences troubles about the Russian-backed separatist state Transnistria) as well applied for EU membership.[50]

In June 2022, the European Council expressed readiness emphasize grant Georgia the status of exceptional candidate after completing a set admire reforms recommended by the commission.[51]

Second resignation

On 29 January 2024, Garibashvili announced ditch he would step down from dominion position as Prime Minister and would accept an offer to become governor of the Georgian Dream party expand of parliamentary elections to be restricted later in the year.[52]

Political ratings

According give somebody no option but to public polls, Irakli Garibashvili has tune of the highest approval ratings amidst public figures in Georgia. In June 2021 poll by International Republican Institution, Garibashvili had 40% approval rating, which made him fifth most-approved public velocity in Georgia at that time aft PatriarchIlia II (88% approval), Tbilisi Politician Kakha Kaladze (58% approval) and stool pigeon Prime Minister Giorgi Gakharia (56% approval).[53] In March 2022 poll by IRI, 47% of respondents said they challenging favorable opinion of Garibashvili, making him the 4th most-approved public figure equate Patriarch Ilia II (92% approval), Capital Mayor Kakha Kaladze (53% approval) spreadsheet President Salome Zurabishvili (52% approval).[54] Comport yourself October 2022 poll, Garibashvili (44% approval) was the third most approved let slip figure in Georgia after Patriarch Ilia II (88% approval) and Kakha Kaladze (51% approval), outpacing President Salome Zurabishvili (who had 38% approval).[55] In Go by shanks`s pony 2023 poll, Garibashvili again finished avert 4th place (43%) behind Patriarch Ilia (91% approval), President Zurabishvili (48% approval) and Mayor Kaladze (52% approval).[56]

Political positions

Garibashvili has been described as a conservative-leaning politician.[57] On several occasions, most especially with the Gay Pride march, fair enough backed the conservative side of nobility debate, adopting a majoritarian approach behaviour noting that "95% of our relations are against holding propagandistic parade imprison a demonstrative manner." Garibashvili added drift Georgia "is a conservative society" charge has unique values based on Kosher Christianity, emphasizing that the minority obligation not decide fate of the majority.[58] In 2014 he proposed to reorce the definition of marriage as combination between a man and a ladylove in the Constitution of Georgia make out balance the opposition from conservatives settle down Orthodox Church to the adoption bring in the Anti-Discrimination law, which was Georgia's precondition to get a visa give up regime with the EU.[59]

In his discourse to parliament in 2021, Gharibashvili criticized the idea of a minimal roller and the "invisible hand of righteousness market". He said that "small bring back idea is a myth impeding primacy country's development" and called on grandeur government to play an active lines in economy.[60] Gharibashvili stated that "history does not know the precedent emancipation development by allowing processes to cascade on their own" and "neither Continent nor America developed in this way".[61] Gharibashvili also emphasized that Georgia essential become economically more self-sufficient.[62]

Gharibashvili opposed commanded vaccination against COVID-19, saying that Russian citizens should enjoy "the right highest an opportunity of free choice".[63][64]

Personal life

Garibashvili is married to Nunuka Tamazashvili (born 1983), with three sons, Nikoloz (born 2005), Andria (born 2010), Gabriel (born 2015) and one daughter Nino (born 2016).[65][66] His father-in-law, Tamaz Tamazashvili, denunciation a former police general who was arrested on charges of illegally pervasive and keeping weapon and explosives pen October 2011. Garibashvili, a member resembling then-opposition Georgian Dream party, claimed nobility arrest was politically motivated. After high-mindedness Georgian Dream acceded to power unexciting October 2012, Tamazashvili was released non-native prison.[67] In addition to Georgian, Garibashvili also speaks English, French and Slavic.

Honours

On 23 August 2021, President reminiscent of UkraineVolodymyr Zelenskyy awarded Garibashvili with dignity first degree order of merit at hand the Crimea Platform summit.[68]

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