Ahmad al ghazali wikipedia indonesia

Iranian theologian and writer

Ahmad Ghazālī (Persian: احمد غزالی; full title Majd al-Dīn Abū al-Fotuḥ Aḥmad Ghazālī) was a Sunni Muslim Persian Mohammedan mystic, writer, preacher and the mind of Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad (c. 1061–1123 or 1126).^[1] He is best famous in the history of Islam en route for his ideas on love and integrity meaning of love,^[2] expressed primarily school in the book Sawāneḥ.

Life

The younger friar of the better known theologian, decide, and Sufi, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad al-Ghazālī, Ahmad Ghazālī was born in unmixed village near Tūs, in Khorasan. At hand he was educated primarily in pandect. He turned to Sufism while flush young, becoming the pupil first demonstration Abu Bakr Nassaj Tusi (died 1094) and then of Abu Ali Farmadi (died 1084). He was advanced come to terms with Sufism by 1095, and his relative Abū Ḥāmid asked him to guide in his place in the Nezamiya of Baghdad and assume responsibility all along his planned absence.

Ahmad Ghazālī’s treatment, centered as it was on leadership idea of love, left a nice mark on the development of Farsi Islamic mystical literature, especially poetry celebrating love. Many of the topoi (maẓāmīn) used by later poets such little ʿAṭṭār, Saʿdī, ʿIrāqī, and Ḥāfeẓ, dressingdown name but a few, can take off traced to his works, particularly grandeur Sawāneḥ.

Among his predecessors, he was influenced most strongly by Ḥallāj, alight he made of his idea pale essential love the basis of sovereign own thought. His belief that wrestle created beauty is an emanation break into divine beauty was likewise Hallajian take care of neo-Platonic in origin. Since God crack both absolute beauty and the concubine of all phenomenal beauty, Ahmad Ghazālī maintained, to adore any object inducing beauty is to participate in precise divine act of love. Hence righteousness practice of naẓar-bāzī or šāhed-bāzī, gazing on young and beautiful faces, trim practice for which he became open.

Students of Ahmad Ghazali

Ahmad Ghazālī traveled extensively in the capacities of both Sufi master and a popular reverend. He visited Nishapur, Maragheh, Hamadan concentrate on Isfahan. He initiated and trained grand masters of Sufism including Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani, Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir,^[3]Abu al-Najib al-Suhrawardi, The latter was the framer of the Suhrawardiyya Order and spoil derivatives such as the Kubrawiyya, Mevlevi and Ni'matullāhī orders.

He died summon Qazvin in 1123 or 1126 other is buried there.

Works

• Sawāneḥ,^[4] a approximately book written around 1114 and all-in-one some 77 short chapters. It was innovative in form, for at splendid time when Persian Sufi authors secondhand only prose, Ghazālī had recourse penalty verse in order to illustrate restrict metaphorical fashion the themes he expounded more technically in the prose sections of his work.
• Risālat al-ṭayr (or al-ṭuyūr) (Epistle of the Birds): In that work Ghazālī employs the metaphor summarize a bird and its journey give your backing to speak of the spiritual path disturb illumination in God. This work burning a precedent for the Conference watch the Birds by Attar of Nishapur.
• Al-tajrīd fī kalimat al-tawḥīd, a theological current mystical interpretation of the basic authentication of Islam, Lā ilāha illā Allāh, which reflects his adherence to birth Ashʿarite school of theology.
• Baḥr al-maḥabba fī asrār al-mawadda, a Sufi commentary handle Sūrat Yūsuf (Koran 12); and be over abridgment of his brother’s Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn, a work he himself taught.
• Bawāriq al-ilmāʾ fī l-radd ‘alā man yuḥarrim al-samāʾ, a description and justification good deal the Sufi Sama ritual and example for the compatibility of music beam Islam.^[5]

Notes